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发表于 1970-1-1 08:00:00
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花锚
【出处】出自《内蒙古中草药》。Sw9
【别名】金锚。Sw9
【来源】为龙胆科植物花锚的全草。Sw9
拉丁植物动物矿物名:Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz.[Swertia corniculata L.;H.sibirica Borkn.]Sw9
采收和储藏:夏、秋季采收,晾干。Sw9
【原形态】一年生草本,高20-70cm。茎直立,四棱形。基生叶具柄,长1-1.5cm,叶片倒卵形或椭圆形,长1-3cm,宽0.5-0.8cm;茎生叶对生,几无柄,叶片椭圆状披针形或卵形,长3-8cm,宽1-1.5cm,先端尖,基部宽楔形,全缘;主脉3条,在下面沿脉疏生短硬毛。聚伞花序顶生或腋生,花梗长0.5-3cm;萼筒短,花萼4深裂,裂片狭三角状披针形;花冠钟形,淡黄色,冠简长约5mm,4深裂,裂片基部有窝孔并延伸成一长距,距内有蜜腺,形似船锚;雄蕊4,着生于花冠筒上,内藏,与裂片互生,花药丁字看生;雌蕊无柄,子房1室,纺锤形,长约6cm,无柄,花柱短,柱头2裂,外卷。蒴果卵形或长圆形,长1-1.3cm,先端2瓣开裂。种子多数,褐色。花、果期7-9月。Sw9
【生境分布】Sw9
生态环境:生于海拔200-1750m的林下林绿、山沟水边湿草地。Sw9
资源分布:分布于东北、华北及陕西等地。Sw9
【化学成份】全草含咕吨酮类化合物:1-羟基-2,3,4,5-四甲氧(口占)吨酮(1-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrame-thoxyxanthone),1-羟基-2,3,5-三甲氧基(口占)吨酮(1-hydroxy-2,3,5-trimethoxyxanthone)[1],1,6-二羟基-2,3,4,8-四甲氧基(口占)吨酮(1,6-dihydroxy-2,3,4,8-tetrame-thoxyxanthone),1,7-二羟基-2,3,4,5-四甲氧基咕吨酮门,7-dihydroxyZ,3,4,5-tetramethoxyxanthone),1,7-二羟基-2,3-二甲氧基(口占)吨酮(1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-dimethoxyxanthone)[2],1-羟基-2,3,5,7-四甲氧基(口占)吨酮(1-hydroxy-2,3,5,7-tetramthoxyxan-thone),花锚甙(haleniaside)[3],2,3,5-三甲氧基-1-O-龙胆二糖氧基呫吨酮(2,3,5-trimethoxy-1-O-gentiobiosyloxyxanthone),2,3,4,7-四甲氧基-1-O-龙胆二糖氧基呫吨酮(2,3,4,7-tetramethoxy-1-O-gentiobiosyloxyxanthone),2,3,7-三甲氧基-1-O-龙胆二糖氧基呫吨酮(2,3,7-trimethoxy-1-O-gentiobisyloxyxan-thone),2,3,4,5,7-五甲氧基-1-O-龙胆二氧基呫吨酮(2,3,4,5,7-pentamethoxy-1-O-gentiobiosyloxyxanthone),7-羟基-2,3,4,5-四甲氧基-1-O-龙胆二糖氧基呫吨酮(7-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-te-tramethoxy-1-O-gentiobiosyloxyxanthone),2,3,5-三甲氧基-1-O-樱草糖氧基呫吨酮(2,3,5-trimethoxy-1-O-primeverosy-loxyxanthone),2,3,4,5-四甲氧基-1-O-樱草糖氧基呫吨酮(2,3,4,5-tetramethoxy-1-O-primeverosyloxyxanthone),7-羟基-2,3,4,5-四甲氧基-1-O-樱草糖氧基呫吨酮(7-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetram-ethoxy-1-O-primeverosyloxyxanthone);裂环烯醚萜类化合物:当药苦甙(swertiamarin),当药甙(sweroside),断马钱子甙半缩醛内酯(vogeloside),表断马钱子甙半缩醛内酯(epivogeloside);黄酮类化合物:7-O-樱草糖基木犀草素(7-O-rimeverosylluteolin)[4],7-O-葡萄糖基木犀草素(7-O-glucosylluteolin,cinaroside)[4-6],芹菜素(apigenin)[5]及木犀草素(luteolin)[1]。Sw9
【性味】苦;性寒。Sw9
【归经】心;肝经。Sw9
【功能主治】清热解毒;凉血止血。主治肝炎;脉管炎胃肠炎;外伤感染发热;外伤出血。Sw9
【用法用量】内服:煎汤,5~10g;或入丸、散。外用:适量,捣敷。Sw9
【摘录】《中华本草》 Sw9 |
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